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The Windows Command Prompt, also known as CMD, is a fundamental part of the Windows operating system. Through it, users can execute advanced tasks using text commands. Despite having an interface that seems archaic and outdated, its potential and usefulness are still notables.
In fact, there are multiple text commands that can perform certain functions in an efficient way, often more than system graphical tools. Experts in the area often prefer to use CMD for many advanced tasks due to its direct controllability.
It is important to make clear that, although CMD has similarities and takes some capabilities from MS-DOS, they are not the same: the first is a Windows tool, and the second is (was) an operating system in its own right.
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Summary of essential Windows console commands (CMD):
Access to CMD in Windows 10
It is accessed by pressing Windows keys +
Basic commands:
- Cls: Clear the CMD window.
- exit: Close the CMD window.
- Help: Shows all commands and their description.
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Commands to manage and access files:
- CD: Move between folders.
- Say:: Lists the contents of a directory.
- Copy: Copy files.
- Robocopy: Improved version of the copy command.
- Move: Move files.
- Of the: Delete files or folder contents.
- Rename : Rename files.
- Format: Formats a disk drive.
- MD: Create folders.
- tree: Displays the directory tree.
- FC: Compares two files or sets of files and shows the differences between them
- Type : Open text files in CMD.
- Assoc : Reveals which program opens a certain file based on its extension.
- Cipher: Allows you to overwrite unused space on a disk, which can make it difficult to recover deleted files.
Commands to manage and repair the system:
- Systeminfo: Displays detailed system information.
- See: Shows the Windows version.
- time: Displays and modifies the system time.
- Driverquery: Lists installed drivers.
- Tasklist: Shows running system processes.
- Taskkill /PID : Ends a specific process.
- Sfc: Examine and repair system files. Commonly used as “sfc /scannow“.
- Cleanmgr: Run the Disk Cleanup tool.
- Powercfg: Tool to manage power usage on your PC.
- Schtasks: Allowing you to schedule tasks such as restarts, shutdowns, among others.
- shutdown: Used to shut down or restart the computer, with options to schedule these actions.
- Chkdsk: Tool to diagnose and repair disk errors.
- format: Used to format a drive on your computer.
Network commands:
- netstat: Displays a list of ports that are open and the related IP addresses.
- Ping: Send test packets to an IP address or web domain to verify connectivity.
- Pathping: Similar to the ‘ping’ command, but also provides information about the path the test packets take.
- IPconfig: Shows your computer’s current IP address and has several useful extensions.
- Tracert: Trace the path packets take from your computer to a target IP address or domain.
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